POL 300
“DIPLOMACY AND PEACEMAKING”
Winter 2009 Prof. Margaret P. Karns
This special topics course, “Diplomacy and Peacemaking,” will focus on diplomacy, negotiation, and mediation as approaches to ending (or preventing) armed conflicts, as well as on the roles international institutions play in peacemaking efforts. The course will employ a variety of active learning approaches such as negotiation exercises, simulations, and case studies of specific conflicts to help students explore the complexities of bilateral and multilateral negotiation processes, including the role of cultural differences. The breakup of the former Yugoslavia, the war in Bosnia, and Dayton Peace Accords will be the focus of a major case study during the semester as will the Arab/Israeli/Palestinian conflict and peace process. By focusing on both the roots and nature of contemporary conflicts as well as peace processes, the course will allow students to explore the challenges of creating conditions for diplomacy to achieve peaceful settlements, and for implementing terms of agreements to promote stable peace, development, and human rights in recent conflict situations such as El Salvador, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, the Great Lakes Region of Africa, the Sudan, Sri Lanka, and Lebanon.
Course Objectives
· To gain a solid grounding in basic concepts of negotiation and third party interventions, including mediation
· To deepen understanding of the challenges of peacemaking in difficult conflict situations and of peace processes
· To increase awareness of the role regional and global institutions play in peacemaking efforts
· To develop problem-solving and analytical skills
· To improve capacity to think critically and to analyze policy choices and outcomes
Readings, Class Preparation and Attendance policy: Just as you expect me to be prepared for class, you are responsible for doing all assigned readings prior to the class for which they are scheduled and for coming to class prepared to participate actively and intelligently. (I reserve the right to give periodic, unscheduled quizzes to check reading.) You are expected to attend all classes and to let me know if you must miss a class. The quantity and quality of class participation can positively or negatively impact all borderline grades.
If you must miss a class, you are responsible for getting notes from other students and for checking on any missed assignments. If illness or family emergency force you to miss an exam, you are expected to make every reasonable effort to notify me prior to the time of the exam. No make-up exams will be given without documentation of the reasons for absence and they should generally be taken within one week of the exam date. Late papers will be penalized 5 points per day of lateness, unless you have obtained prior permission for late submission.
Cheating and Plagiarism: Cheating and/or plagiarism will not be tolerated in any form. Cheating is defined as working with or borrowing from others on exams or quizzes. Plagiarism is defined as submitting another’s work as your own or using someone else’s words or ideas without proper attribution. It is particularly easy to plagiarize material from the Internet. You should know it is also relatively easy to discover plagiarism through the Internet! Students are responsible for making themselves aware of the University of Dayton’s Policy on Academic Dishonesty. Any instance of cheating or plagiarism will result in an automatic zero (O) for the assignment and could result in a failing grade for the entire course.
The University of Dayton Honor Pledge
I understand that as a student of the University of Dayton, I am a member of our academic and social community. I recognize the importance of my education and the value of experiencing life in such an integrated community. I believe that the value of my education and degree is critically dependent upon the academic integrity of the university community, and so in order to maintain our academic integrity, I pledge to:
Complete all assignments and examinations by the guidelines given to me by my instructors;
Avoid plagiarism and any other form of misrepresenting someone else's work as my own;
Adhere to the Standards of Conduct as outlined in the Academic Honor Code.
In doing this, I hold myself and my community to a higher standard of excellence, and set an example for my peers to follow.
Grading: Your performance in this course will be evaluated on the following basis:
Two Exams (50%)
Case Study Analyses (20%)
Research Project (20%)
Class Participation (10%)
Extra credit opportunities, including speakers – up to 5 points
Note: Guidelines on the assignments will be distributed separately.
Grade Scale: 93-100 A
90-92 A-
87-89 B+
83-86 B
80-82 B-
77-79 C+
73-76 C
70-72 C-
60-69 D
Required Books and Case Studies for Purchase:
Starkey, Boyer, and Wilkenfeld, Negotiating a Complex World: An Introduction to International Negotiation (2005, 2nd ed.)
Crocker, Hampson, and Aall, eds., Leashing the Dogs of War: Conflict Management in a Divided World (2007)
Richard Holbrooke, To End A War (1999, rev. ed.)
Shibley Telhami, “The Camp David Accords.” Pew Case Study #445 to be ordered online at http://www.guisd.org
Bjork and Goodman, “Yugoslavia, 1991-92: Could Diplomacy Have Prevented a Tragedy?” Pew Case Study #453. Order online at http://www.guisd.org
Zenko, “Coercive Diplomacy Before the War in Kosovo: America’s Approach in 1998” Pew Case Study #252. Order online at http://www.guisd.org
1 Additional book may be added
Course Schedule (subject to change)
Jan. 8 Introduction: Setting the Stage for Diplomacy
Macmillan, “Introduction: Woodrow Wilson Comes to Europe” from Paris 1919 (2001) Reserve
Nicolson, “Origins of Organized Diplomacy” from Diplomacy (1950), Res
Jan. 13-27 “Getting to Yes” (or No): Negotiation and Diplomacy
Starkey, Boyer, Wilkenfeld, Negotiating a Complex World (Chs. 1-5)
Touval and Zartman, “International Mediation,” Ch. 25 in Leashing
Anne Applebaum, “It’s a War Process,” Washington Post (January 6, 2009) http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/05/AR2009010502016_pf.html
Crocker, Hampson, and Aall, “When Powerful States Mediate: Motives and Results,” from Taming Intractable Conflicts, Reserve
Pamela Aall, “The Power of Non-Official Actors in Conflict Management,” Ch. 27 in Leashing
Swanee Hunt and Cristina Posa, “Women Waging Peace,” Foreign Policy (May/June 2001), Reserve
Teresa Whitfield, “At Cold War’s End: Peacemaking and the Emergence of Groups,” from Friends Indeed (2007) Reserve
Andrew Cooper, “Celebrity Diplomacy: Who Does it and Why?” from Celebrity Diplomacy (2008) Reserve
Raymond Cohen, “Negotiating across Cultures” in Crocker, Hampson, and Aall, Turbulent Peace (2001) Reserve
Jan. 29- Feb.5 Characteristics of Contemporary Conflicts (all readings in Leashing unless otherwise noted)
Jack Levy, “International Sources of Interstate and Intrastate War,” Ch. 2
Michael Brown, “New Global Dangers” Ch. 3
Ted Gurr, “Minorities, Nationalists, and Islamists: Managing Communal Conflict in the Twenty-first Century” Ch. 9
Edward Mansfield and Jack Snyder, “Turbulent Transitions: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War,” Ch. 10
Paul Collier, “Economic Causes of Civil Conflict and Their Implications for Policy,” Ch. 12
Nils Petter Gleditsch, “Environmental Change, Security, and Conflict,” Ch. 11
Michael Klare, “The New Geography of Conflict,” Foreign Affairs (May/June 2001) available at: http://fullaccess.foreignaffairs.org/20010501faessay4767/michael-t-klare/the-new-geography-of-conflict.html
Frances Stewart and Graham Brown, “Motivations for Conflict: Groups and Individuals,” Ch. 13
Andrew Mack, “Successes and Challenges in Conflict Management,” Ch. 29
Feb. 10 Failed States and Conflict
Robert I. Rotberg, “The Challenge of Weak, Failing, and Collapsed States,” Ch. 6 in Leashing
Mohammed Ayoob, “State Making, State Breaking, and State Failure,” Ch. 7 in Leashing
Gérard Prunier and Rachel Gisselquist, “The Sudan: A Successfully Failed State,” Reserve
Feb. 12 Intractable Conflicts and Forgotten Conflicts
Crocker, Hampson, and Aall, Taming Intractable Conflicts, Chs. 1 and 3 RES
Feb. 17 Midterm Exam
Feb. 19- The Search for Peace in the Middle East
Telhami, “The Camp David Accords” Pew Case Study **Order
NOTE: For those who need to strengthen their understanding of the history of the Arab-
Israeli conflict, please see MP Karns, “Case Study of the Middle East Conflict,” Reserve
RESOURCE FOR THIS SECTION: www.cfr.org/crisisguide_mideast This has video, a timeline, profiles of key actors, and outline of
the diplomacy
Feb. 24 Baker, “The Road to Madrid” Reserve
Egeland, “The Oslo Accord: Multiparty Facilitation through the
Norwegian Channel” Reserve
CFR Crisis Guide: http://www.cfr.org/publication/13850/?cid=080416a Sections on Madrid and Oslo
UN Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/240/94/IMG/NR024094.pdf?OpenElement
Feb. 26 Quandt, “Israeli-Palestinian Peace Talks: From Oslo to Camp David II”from How
Palestinians and Israelis Negotiate , edited by Tamara Cofman Wittes (2005) Reserve
Miller, “Mr. Nice Guy: Bill Clinton and the Arabs and Israelis He Loved Too Much,
1999-2001,” from The Much Too Promised Land (2009) Reserve
CFR Crisis Guide: http://www.cfr.org/publication/13850/?cid=080416a Sections on Parties to the Conflict and, under diplomacy, Camp
David II
Mar. 3 Whither the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Is Peace Possible?
Starkey, Boyer, and Wilkenfeld, Negotiating A Complex World, Ch. 5, pp.
136-39
Dajani, “Surviving Opportunities: Palestinian Negotiating Patterns in Peace Talks with
Israel,” in How Israelis and Palestinians Negotiate, edited by Tamara Cofman Wittes
(2005) Reserve
Klieman, “Israeli Negotiating Culture,” in How Israelis and Palestinians Negotiate,
edited by Tamara Cofman Wittes (2005) Reserve
Mark Landler, “No Shortage of Expert Advice Mideast for Clinton,” New York Times (January 13, 2009) available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/13/world/middleeast/13diplo.html?_r=1&th&emc=th
CFR Crisis Guide: http://www.cfr.org/publication/13850/?cid=080416a Multiple sections on diplomacy since 2000
Mar. 5 The Use of Force and Diplomacy
Lawrence Freedman, “Using Force for Peace in an Age of Terror,” Ch. 14 in Leashing
Robert Art and Patrick Cronin, “Coercive Diplomacy,” Ch. 17 in Leashing
Michael O’Hanlon, “Expanding Global Military Capacity to Save Lives with Force,” Ch. 18 in Leashing
Mar. 10-12 Preventive Diplomacy
Jentleson, “Preventive Statecraft: A Realist Strategy” Reserve
Zenko, “Coercive Diplomacy Before the War in Kosovo,” Pew Case to ORDER
Mar. 17 The Roles of International Institutions in Peacemaking
Karns and Mingst, “The United Nations and Conflict Management: Relevant Or Irrelevant?” Ch. 29 in Leashing
Paul Diehl, “New Roles for Regional Organizations,” Ch.31 in Leashing
Mar. 19- Apr. 2 Case Study of Yugoslavia and Bosnia: Could war have been prevented? Has Peace been built?
Cousens and Cater, Toward Peace in Bosnia, Ch. 1, pp. 17-25 Reserve
Power, “Bosnia: No More than Witnesses at a Funeral,” Reserve
Bjork and Goodman, “Yugoslavia, 1991-92: Could Diplomacy Have Prevented a Tragedy?” Pew Case Study **ORDER
Touval, “Lessons of Preventive Diplomacy in Yugoslavia” Reserve
Power, “Srebrenica: Getting Creamed” Reserve
Holbrooke, To End a War
SPRING BREAK
Apr. 14 Where is Bosnia now?
Elizabeth M. Cousens, “From Missed Opportunities to Overcompensation: Implementing the Dayton Agreement on Bosnia,” Reserve
Dan Bilefsky, “Fears of New Ethnic Conflict in Bosnia,” New York Times, December 14, 2008 http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/bosniaandherzegovina/index.html?scp=3&sq=bilefsky,%20dan%20bosnia&st=cse
Dan Bilefsky, “War’s Lingering Scars Slow Bosnia’s Economic Growth,” New York Times, February 8, 2009 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/08/world/europe/08bosnia.html?_r=1&scp=6&sq=bilefsky,%20dan%20bosnia&st=cse
Dan Bilefsky, “Tensions Rise in Fragile Bosnia as Country’s Serbs Threaten to Seek Independence,” New York Times, February 27, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/27/world/europe/27bosnia.html?scp=10&sq=bilefsky,%20dan%20bosnia&st=cse
Apr. 16 Stander Symposium
Apr. 21-23 TBA
Apr. 30 FINAL EXAM 12:20 – 2:10