The file "initiative_labeled.dta" draws data from the following sources:

Berry, William D., Evan J. Ringuist, Richard C. Fording, and Russell L. Hanson. 1998. "Measuring Citizen and Government Ideology in the American States, 1960-93." American Journal of Political Science 42:327-48.

Erikson, Robert S., Gerald C. Wright, and John P. McIver. 1993. Statehouse Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Gray, Virginia, David Lowery, Matthew Fellowes, and Andrea McAtee. 2004. "Public Opinion, Public Policy, and Organized Interests in the United States." Political Research Quarterly 57:411-420.

Monogan, James, Virginia Gray, and David Lowery. 2009. "Public Opinion, Organized Interests, and Policy Congruence in Initiative and Noninitiative U.S. States." State Politics and Policy Quarterly 9(3):304-324.


The following four Stata commands will reproduce the results of the full models in Tables 3 through 6, respectively from Monogan, Gray, and Lowery 2009:

The full specification for 1980 with a dummy for initiative presence is:
    regress policyli d_100 proporti ideol legideol presence80 i1 i2 i3 i4

The full specification for 1980 with a count of initiative usage is:
    regress policyli d_100 proporti ideol legideol use80 i5 i6 i7 i8

The full specification for 2000 with a dummy for initiative presence is:
    regress policy2000 d_100_97 i9 proporti97 ideol9599 govideol presence00 i10 i11 i12 i13 gov_init

The full specification for 2000 with a count of initiative usage is:
    regress policy2000 d_100_97 i9 proporti97 ideol9599 govideol use00 i14 i15 i16 i17 gov_use


The following four Stata commands re-run these models, distinguishing between states that have constitutional versus statutory initiatives:

The 1980 model for constitutional initiatives:
    regress policyli d_100 proporti ideol legideol constitutional80 c1 c2 c3 c4

The 1980 model for statutory initiatives:
    regress policyli d_100 proporti ideol legideol statutory s1 s2 s3 s4

The 2000 model for constitutional initiatives:
    regress policy2000 d_100_97 i9 proporti97 ideol9599 govideol constitutional00 c5 c6 c7 c8 c9

The 2000 model for statutory initiatives:
    regress policy2000 d_100_97 i9 proporti97 ideol9599 govideol statutory s5 s6 s7 s8 s9