Elementary Statistics
Psychology 216-01, -02:
Elementary Statistics
Conditions
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Have a Great Summer: I hope that you have a wonderful summer. If you start having statistics withdrawal during the summer, let me know and I can send you some data to analyze! Exam 4 Grades for 11 AM Section: Grades for exam 4 are available from Isidore. For the 11 AM section of the class, the mean is 84.0 with a standard deviation of 5.94. Across both sections, the mean is 82.2 with a standard deviation of 8.9. The following figure shows the distribution of the grades for both sections:
You can multiply your percentage by 7 to get the number of points that you earned in the class. Page one of the syllabus has the cutoffs for each letter grade. Exam 4 Grades for 10 AM Section: For those of you who took the exam on Tuesday, grades for exam 4 are available from Isidore. The mean is 79.4 with a standard deviation of 10.7. The following figure shows the distribution of the grades:
You can multiply your percentage by 7 to get the number of points that you earned in the class. Page one of the syllabus has the cutoffs for each letter grade. Availability During Finals Week: I will have normal office hours, from noon to 12:50 PM on Monday, 5/2 and Wednesday, 5/4. On Friday, 5/6, my office hours will be from 11:30 AM to 12:10 PM. Because I have two meetings being scheduled for next week and I haven't heard back from the person doing the scheduling, I can't guarantee that I will be available at any other point in time. In general, I should be available Monday morning and early afternoon, Tuesday morning, Wednesday morning, Thursday between 9:30 AM and 4:00 PM, and Friday morning. If you want to meet during anything other than office hours, please let me know in advance so we can work out a mutually available time. Formula Sheet for the Final Exam: Only these formulae will be given to you with the final exam. Final Exam: The final exam for section 1, which is the 10 AM section, is Tuesday, May 3 from 12:20 to 2:10 PM. The final exam for section 2, which is the 11 AM section, is Friday, May 6 from 12:20 to 2:10 PM. Both exams are in the normal classroom, SJ 003. The exams cover the material since the third exam. The final exam has the same general format as the other exams, but the open ended questions might be more involved than in the previous exams. Assignment 17 Is Due on Friday,
4/29: Assignment 17 is due at the start of class on Friday, April 29. If you want credit, show your work and turn in your PASW / SPSS output with your answers. Slides for Regression with PASW: The slides for using PASW for regression are here. Quiz 13 Is Wednesday, 4/20: Quiz 13 (THE LAST ONE!!!) will be given on Wednesday, April 20. Slides for Correlation with PASW: The slides for using PASW for correlation are here. Assignment 16 Is Due on Wednesday,
4/20: Assignment 16 is due at the start of class on Wednesday, April 20. If you want credit, show your work and turn in your PASW / SPSS output with your answers. Quiz 12 Is Friday, 4/15: Quiz 12 will be given on Friday, April 15. No Class on Wednesday, 4/13: The Stander Symposium is Wednesday, April 13. We will not have class on that day. Assignment 15 Is Due on Friday,
4/15: Assignment 15 is due at the start of class on Friday, April 15. If you want credit, show your work and turn in your PASW / SPSS output with your answers. Sample Data for Factorial ANOVA with PASW: We will use this data set with PASW on Friday. The slides are here. Quiz 11 Is Friday, 4/8: Quiz 11 will be given on Friday, April 8. Assignment 14 Is Due on Wednesday,
4/6: Assignment 14 is due at the start of class on Wednesday, April 6. If you want credit, show your work and turn in your PASW / SPSS output with your answers. Exam 3 Grades: Grades for exam 3 are available from Isidore. The mean is 77.9 with a standard deviation of 11.0. The following figure shows the distribution of the grades:
Office Hours for Friday, 4/1: Because noon was the only time everyone was available for a thesis defense, my office hours for Friday, April 1, will be from 2 to 3 PM. If you need to see me on Friday and the revised office hours do not work for you, email me a list of times and I will pick one that also works for me. Last Day To Withdraw Is Monday,
4/4: The last day to withdraw is Monday, April 4. If your current grade is less than 70%, you should consider dropping the course. You need to pass PSY 216 with a C- or better to take PSY 217. Formula Sheet for Exam 3: Only these formulae will be given to you with the third exam. Sample Data for Repeated Measures
ANOVA with PASW: We will use this data set with PASW on Wednesday. The slides are here. Assignment 13 Is Due on Wednesday,
3/30: Assignment 13 is due at the start of class on Wednesday, March 30. If you want credit, show your work and turn in your PASW / SPSS output with your answers. Exam 3 Is Friday, April 1: The third exam is on Friday, April 1. It covers chapters 10 through 14 of the textbook and all the class periods since exam 2. It has 25 multiple choice questions and 5 essay / problem questions. You will need to know the material very well in order to complete the exam in the 50 minute class period. The textbook's website (see the list of links at the left) and the How To Study page might be helpful in preparing for the exam. Please bring your student id number to the test. ANOVA Calculations with PASW and by
Hand: We will use this handout in class on Friday. It talks about using PASW for ANOVA and demonstrates how to do the same ANOVA calculations by hand. Don't Email Your Assignments: I'm sorry, but I can't accept emailed assignments and output anymore. It is taking up too much time to open, download, scan, load, print and collate all of the assignments and output that I am receiving via email. Quiz 10 Is Friday,
3/25: Quiz 10 will be given on Friday, March 25. It covers what we have done so far in chapter 13 (ANOVA). As Requested: An Independent
Samples t Test Example: Are people who like dogs more extraverted than people who like cats? Use the class data set and PASW to answer the question. See this file for the solution. Assignment 12 Is Due on Wednesday,
3/23: The 12th assignment is due at the start of class on Wednesday, March 23. The assignment is here. Show your work and turn in your PASW / SPSS output with your answers. Assignment 11 Is Due on Monday,
3/21: The 11th assignment is due at the start of class on Monday, March 21. The assignment is here. Show your work and turn in your PASW / SPSS output with your answers. Happy π Day!: Happy pi day! Quiz 9 Is Wednesday,
3/16: Quiz 9 will be given on Wednesday, March 16. Assignment 10 Is Due on Wednesday,
3/16: The 10th assignment is due at the start of class on Wednesday, March 16. The assignment is here. Show your work. Quiz 8 Is Friday,
3/11: Quiz eight will be on Friday, 3/11. It covers chapter 10 and the corresponding lecture material. Exam 2 Scores: Your score for the second exam is available from Isidore. The mean was 80.38 with a standard deviation of 11.22 (Descriptives on Isidore might be slightly different as I removed the score of 0 from the mean and standard deviation reported here). The following frequency distribution shows the distribution of grades:
Assignment 8 Scores: Your score for the 8th homework is available from Isidore. The mean is 7.6 with a standard deviation of 2.5. The following frequency histogram shows the scores for the assignment:
There is quite a bit of negative skewness in the data. As I have suggested before, start early enough that if you run into problems, you have time to ask questions. If you start early, the material will be fresher in your mind. If you start late, you will have forgotten some of the material and there won't be time to meet with me if you have questions. Losing a point or two on each homework soon adds up to a noticeable drop in your course grade. Data Set for Last Example in
Lecture 9: Someone wanted to know where s2 came from in the last example in the lecture for chapter 9. Here are the 16 observed weights (fictional data): 11, 16, 15, 11, 15, 14, 13, 11, 12, 12, 12, 11, 11, 16, 16, 12. Calculate the variance of a sample given those values and you will get the s2 in the example. If you don't know how to calculate the variance of a sample, you need to go back to chapter 4 and re-learn how to do it. To avoid wasting time calculating descriptive statistics that you have already mastered, the book and I will usually just give the descriptive statistics to you instead of giving you the raw data set. Assignment 9 Is Due on Wednesday,
3/9: The ninth assignment is due at the start of class on Wednesday, March 9. The assignment is here. Show your work. I strongly encourage you to turn it in before noon on Monday, 2/28. If you do so, I will grade it and return it to you by noon on Tuesday, 3/1. This material will be on the second exam and you should want to know whether you are doing it correctly or not before you take the exam. Exam 2 Is Wednesday, March 2: The second exam is on Wednesday, March 2. It will cover chapters six through nine of the textbook and all the class periods since exam 1. It will have 25 multiple choice questions and 5 open essay / problem questions. You will need to know the material very well in order to complete the exam in the 50 minute class period. The textbook's website (see the list of links at the left) and the How To Study page might be helpful in preparing for the exam. Start preparing NOW. Please bring your student id number to the test. Assignment 8 Is Due on Friday,
2/25: The eighth assignment is due at the start of class on Friday, February 25. The assignment is here. If you don't show your work on what you turn in, you will not receive credit. That is true for all future assignments, quizzes and exams. Quiz 7 Is Monday,
2/21: The seventh quiz will be on Monday, 2/21. It covers chapter 7 and parts of chapter 8 (to where we finished in class on Friday.) Assignment 7 Is Due on Friday,
2/18: The seventh assignment is due at the start of class on Friday, February 18. The assignment is here. Assignment 4 Scores: Your score for the 4th homework is available from Isidore. The mean is 7.5 with a standard deviation of 2.4. The following frequency histogram shows the scores for the assignment:
The distribution would be much better if everyone answered all the questions on the assignment. I strongly suggest that you start the assignments as soon as you can. If you wait until the very last moment to the do the assignments and encounter a problem, there isn't time to seek help. If you start early and have a problem, you have time to ask questions and figure out the problem. There really isn't an excuse for this level of performance on an assignment that you have had multiple days to do. Assignment 6 Is Due on Monday,
2/14: The sixth assignment is due at the start of class on Monday, February 14. The assignment is here. Quiz 5: Quiz 5 will be on Friday, February 11. It covers the material presented on Wednesday, 2/9 and the corresponding parts of chapter 6. Exam 1 Scores: Your score for the first exam is available from Isidore. The mean was 78.2 with a standard deviation of 12.8. The following frequency distribution shows the distribution of grades:
This was the easy test -- the remaining tests get progressively harder. If you did poorly on this test, you need to figure out what went wrong (see the How To Study page for suggestions and TRY THEM because what you are doing now isn't working) and fix it, or drop the class. If your responses to the class questionnaire were honest, then many of you are not putting enough effort into your academics -- studying 10 hours per week on one course is about right, not 10 hours per week across all courses. If you can't figure out how to spend 10 hours per week on this course, let me know and I'll be glad to share. Assignment 5 Is Due on Friday,
2/11: The fifth assignment is due at the start of class on Friday, February 11. The assignment is here. No Class on 2/2 (UD Closed); New
Due Dates; Exam 1 Still on Monday, 2/7: Because UD is closed today, Wednesday, February 2, we do not have class today. Assignment 4 was due on Friday, but we won't get to SPSS / PASW until Friday. Thus, assignment 4 is due on Wednesday, February 9. I strongly encourage you to do assignments 4 and 5 before the exam and email your answers to me by 5 PM on Sunday, 2/6. I will return your answers on Sunday if you email them to me by 5 PM on Sunday. The material covered on those assignments will be on the exam. The first exam will be on its scheduled date, Monday, February 7. I strongly encourage you to read chapter 5 before coming to class on Friday. Assignment 4 Is Due on Friday,
2/4: The fourth assignment is due at the start of class on Friday, February 4. The assignment is here. Exam 1 Is Monday, February 7: The first exam is on Monday, February 7. It will cover the first five chapters of the textbook and all the class periods up to the exam. It will have 25 multiple choice questions and 5 open essay / problem questions. You will need to know the material very well in order to complete the exam in the 50 minute class period. The textbook's website (see the list of links at the left) and the How To Study page might be helpful in preparing for the exam. Start preparing NOW. PASW / SPSS: Soon we will start using PASW / SPSS to analyze data. You can either come to lab during open lab hours to use PASW / SPSS or you can install it on your own computer (as long as you are running Windows -- sorry Mac people, but UD's site license doesn't include you.) If you want to install PASW / SPSS on your own computer, visit https://software.udayton.edu/ . Log on with your Novell / LDAP user name and password. Type SPSS into the search box. You should install version 18 of SPSS. Follow the directions given -- unfortunately what you see and what I see are different so I can't help you much. If you have problems installing PASW / SPSS, please see the help desk (helpdesk@udayton.edu, Miriam Hall 53, 229-3888). Homework 2 Scores:: Your score for the second homework assignment is available from Isidore. Some of the scores are quite low because the last three questions did not correspond to the correct questions for many students. I will update the scores on Friday and post the descriptive statistics after I receive answers for the correct last three questions. Quiz 3 Scores: Your score for the third quiz is available from Isidore. The mean was 8.22 with a standard deviation of 1.27. The following frequency distribution shows the distribution of grades:
Bookstore Mess Up: UD's bookstore is selling the wrong edition of the textbook for section 2 (11 AM). The order I placed and that they processed was for the 8th edition. Because this is their mistake, they should allow you to return the 7th edition for a full refund and you can buy the 8th edition. There is an online edition of the text available for $80 (that is a savings of over $100 from the new book price at the UD bookstore.) If you decide to keep the 7th edition, you must accept the responsibility for the consequences of doing so. Class Questionnaire: Please respond to the class questionnaire no later than the start of class on Monday, 1/31. We will use the data for some of the PASW / SPSS homework and demonstrations. Quiz 4: Quiz 4 will be on Monday, January 31. It covers the material presented on Wednesday, 1/26, Friday, 1/28 and the corresponding parts of chapters 3 and 4. Assignment 3 Is Due on Monday,
1/31: The third assignment is due at the start of class on Monday, January 31. The assignment is here. Homework 1: Several of you appear to have either the wrong edition or the wrong textbook as your answers to some of the questions on the first homework did not correspond to the questions that were assigned. At least for the assignments, you need to have the right book -- Gravetter, F. J. & Wallnau, L. B. (2009). Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 8th edition. Note that Gravetter and Wallnau have several different statistics textbooks -- you need to get the exact title specified. If you have the wrong edition or wrong book, you minimally need to find someone with the correct book and copy the appropriate homework pages. In the future, doing the wrong problem will cause you to lose points on the assignment. Your score for the first homework is available from Isidore. If I remove the two scores of 0 (people who did not turn in the assignment), the mean is 8.92 with a standard deviation of 1.30. The following frequency histogram shows the scores (including the two 0 scores) for the first homework:
Quiz 2 Scores:: Your score for the second quiz is available from Isidore. The mean was 7.63 with a standard deviation of 1.55. The following frequency distribution shows the distribution of grades:
Quiz 3: Quiz 3 will be on Wednesday, January 26. It covers the material presented on Monday, 1/24, and the corresponding parts of chapters 2 and 3. Quiz 1 Scores: Your score for the first quiz is available from Isidore. The mean was 7.63 with a standard deviation of 1.58 (if you don't know what the standard deviation is yet, that is ok as we won't get to it for a couple of days.) The following frequency distribution shows the distribution of grades:
You might want to read the information on the How To Study page. Quiz 2: Quiz 2 will be on Monday, January 24. It covers the material presented on Friday, 1/21, and the corresponding parts of chapters 1 and 2. Assignment 2 Is Due on Wednesday,
1/26: The second assignment is due at the start of class on Wednesday, January 26. The assignment is here. Lecture Slides: You can print out the lecture slides by clicking on the Today link in the list of
links on the left. Click on the Adobe Reader icon ( Quiz 1 is Friday, 1/21: The first 10 point quiz will be given in class on Friday, 1/21. It will cover the material presented in class on Wednesday and the corresponding parts of chapter 1 in the textbook. Assignment 1 Is Due on Monday,
1/24: The first assignment is due at the start of class on Monday, January 24. The assignment is here. It is a Microsoft Word document. You can either type your answers in Word, or print out the document and write your answers (as long as I can read your handwriting.) Either way, turn in a paper copy on Monday. Welcome!: Welcome to PSY 216, Elementary Statistics. This will be a very important class in your undergraduate career as a psychologist in training. Why? First, you need a strong background in statistics in order to do well in PSY 217, Experimental Psychology and to understand the results of studies that are presented in content classes. But more importantly, statistics allow psychologist to interpret the results of studies. These results often improve our theories of psychological phenomena and improve the treatments that we can offer people with psychological disorders. Even psychologists who do not perform studies need to understand statistics, as psychologists are ethically obliged by the American Psychological Association to stay current in their areas of expertise; to do so requires reading journal articles which often contain the results of statistical analysis of data. Even if you will never be a psychologist, statistical expertise is a characteristic that employers look for when they interview psychology majors for jobs. I hope that you enjoy the semester and our exploration of elementary statistics (yes -- there are many other statistical methods that are much more advanced that what we will cover. Some of them you will learn about in graduate school -- most Ph.D. programs in Psychology require at least one year of graduate course work in statistics.) Don't get behind in class, and ask questions when you have them. |
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