144. [FN144]. See, e.g., Derrick A. Bell, Jr., AND WE ARE NOT SAVED: THE ELUSIVE QUEST FOR RACIAL
JUSTICE (1987); Alan D. Freeman, Legitimizing Racial Discrimination Through Anti-Discrimination Law: A
Critical Review of Supreme Court Doctrine, 62 MINN. L. REV. 1049 (1978).
145. [FN145]. Social Security Amendments of 1965, Pub. L. No. 89-97, Titles XVIII, 79 Stat 286; the act does not
contain any general anti-discrimination clauses although the implementing regulations require providers and
facilities to abide by Title VI.
146. [FN146]. Id.
147. [FN147]. 20 U.S.C. §§ 1681-88 (2002) (limited to sex discrimination in educational programs).
148. [FN148]. 42 U.S.C. §§ 291-291o (2002) (requires uncompensated care and community service by facilities that
receive funding under Hill-Burton Acts).
149. [FN149]. See, e.g., Watson, supra note 99; DAVID BARTON SMITH, HEALTH CARE DIVIDED: RACE
AND HEALING A NATION (1999); David Barton Smith, Addressing Racial Inequities In Health Care: Civil
Rights Monitoring And Report Cards, 23 J. HEALTH POL. POL'Y & L. 75 (1998); Randall, Racist Health Care,
supra note 59.
150. [FN150]. See, e.g., Noah, Racial Disparities in the Delivery of Health Care?, 35 SAN DIEGO L. REV. 135
(1998); Daniel K. Hampton, Title VI Challenges By Private Parties To The Location Of Health Care Facilities:
Toward A Just And Effective Action, 37 B.C. L. REV. 517 (1996); Marianne L. Engelman Lado, Breaking the
Barriers of Access to Health Care: A Discussion of the Role of Civil Rights Litigation and the Relationship
Between Burdens of Proof and the Experience of Denial, 60 BROOK. L. REV. 239 (1994).
151. [FN151]. 28 C.F.R. § 42.406(a) (1992); 45 C.F.R. § 80.6(b) (1991).
152. [FN152]. See, e.g., SMITH, HEALTH CARE DIVIDED, supra note 149; Watson, supra note 62.
153. [FN153]. See, e.g., SMITH, HEALTH CARE DIVIDED, supra note 149.
154. [FN154]. See, e.g., 45 C.F.R. § 80.3(b) (1991); Watson, supra note 62.
155. [FN155]. See, e.g., Watson, supra note 62.
156. [FN156]. See, e.g., Jessie Allen, A Possible Remedy for Unthinking Discrimination, 61 BROOK. L. REV.
1299 (1995).
157. [FN157]. See, e.g., id.
158. [FN158]. See, e.g., id.
159. [FN159]. See, e.g., Bell, supra note 144; Sheri Lynn Johnson, Unconscious Racism and the Criminal Law, 73
CORNELL L. REV. 1016 (1988); Charles R. Lawrence III, The Id, the Ego and Equal Protection: Reckoning with
Unconscious Racism, 39 STAN. L. REV. 317 (1987); David Benjamin Oppenheimer, Negligent Discrimination,
141 U. PA. L. REV. 899 (1993).
160. [FN160]. U.S. COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS II, supra note 4, at 275-76.
